PDF Aksesibel
Buat PDF aksesibel yang berfungsi dengan screen reader dan teknologi bantu menggunakan struktur tag, teks alternatif, dan tag bahasa.
Apa yang Membuat PDF Aksesibel?
| Persyaratan | Mengapa Penting |
|---|---|
| Tag struktur | Screen reader menggunakan tag heading/paragraf/list untuk navigasi |
| Alt text | Mendeskripsikan gambar untuk pengguna yang tidak dapat melihatnya |
| Tag bahasa | Memberi tahu reader cara mengucapkan teks |
| Urutan baca | Urutan logis yang independen dari layout visual |
| Header tabel | Mengasosiasikan sel data dengan konteks kolom/baris-nya |
| Bookmark | Navigasi keyboard untuk dokumen panjang |
Standar
| Standar | Cakupan |
|---|---|
| PDF/UA-2 (ISO 14289-2) | Aksesibilitas Universal PDF |
| WCAG 2.1 | Web Content Accessibility Guidelines |
| Section 508 | Aksesibilitas federal AS |
| EN 301 549 | Persyaratan aksesibilitas EU |
Contoh Kode Lengkap
php
<?php
declare(strict_types=1);
require __DIR__ . '/vendor/autoload.php';
use TcpdfNext\Document;
use TcpdfNext\Enums\Alignment;
use TcpdfNext\Accessibility\TagManager;
// -- 1. Aktifkan tagged PDF ------------------------------------------------
$pdf = Document::create()
->setTitle('Accessibility Report 2026')
->setAuthor('Acme Corp')
->setLanguage('en-US')
->setTagged(true)
->setDisplayDocTitle(true)
->addPage();
$tag = $pdf->getTagManager();
// -- 2. Heading (H1) -------------------------------------------------------
$tag->beginTag('H1');
$pdf->setFont('helvetica', style: 'B', size: 24)
->cell(0, 14, 'Accessibility Report 2026', newLine: true);
$tag->endTag();
// -- 3. Paragraf ------------------------------------------------------------
$tag->beginTag('P');
$pdf->setFont('times', size: 12)
->multiCell(0, 7, 'Acme Corp is committed to producing documents that '
. 'meet PDF/UA and WCAG 2.1 AA standards, ensuring equal access '
. 'for all users regardless of ability.');
$tag->endTag();
// -- 4. Sub-heading (H2) ---------------------------------------------------
$tag->beginTag('H2');
$pdf->setFont('helvetica', style: 'B', size: 18)
->cell(0, 12, 'Key Metrics', newLine: true);
$tag->endTag();
// -- 5. List bertag ---------------------------------------------------------
$items = [
'Documents audited: 1,240',
'Compliance rate: 98.7%',
'Issues resolved: 412',
];
$tag->beginTag('L');
foreach ($items as $item) {
$tag->beginTag('LI');
$tag->beginTag('Lbl');
$pdf->setFont('helvetica', size: 11)
->cell(8, 7, "\u{2022}");
$tag->endTag(); // Lbl
$tag->beginTag('LBody');
$pdf->cell(0, 7, $item, newLine: true);
$tag->endTag(); // LBody
$tag->endTag(); // LI
}
$tag->endTag(); // L
// -- 6. Gambar dengan alt text ----------------------------------------------
$tag->beginTag('Figure');
$pdf->image(
file: __DIR__ . '/assets/compliance-chart.png',
x: null,
y: null,
width: 120,
height: null,
altText: 'Bar chart showing compliance rate rising from 91% in 2023 '
. 'to 98.7% in 2026 across four consecutive years.',
);
$tag->beginTag('Caption');
$pdf->setFont('helvetica', style: 'I', size: 9)
->cell(0, 6, 'Figure 1: Compliance trend 2023-2026', newLine: true);
$tag->endTag(); // Caption
$tag->endTag(); // Figure
// -- 7. Elemen dekoratif sebagai artifact (dilewati screen reader) ----------
$tag->beginArtifact('Layout');
$pdf->setDrawColor(200, 200, 200)
->line(15, $pdf->getY(), 195, $pdf->getY());
$tag->endArtifact();
// -- 8. Tabel bertag --------------------------------------------------------
$tag->beginTag('H2');
$pdf->setFont('helvetica', style: 'B', size: 18)
->cell(0, 12, 'Quarterly Results', newLine: true);
$tag->endTag();
$tag->beginTag('Table');
// Baris header
$tag->beginTag('TR');
foreach (['Quarter', 'Audited', 'Passed', 'Rate'] as $header) {
$tag->beginTag('TH', attributes: ['scope' => 'col']);
$pdf->setFont('helvetica', style: 'B', size: 10)
->cell(45, 8, $header, border: 1);
$tag->endTag();
}
$tag->endTag(); // TR
// Baris data
$rows = [
['Q1', '310', '305', '98.4%'],
['Q2', '320', '316', '98.8%'],
['Q3', '305', '302', '99.0%'],
['Q4', '305', '301', '98.7%'],
];
foreach ($rows as $row) {
$tag->beginTag('TR');
foreach ($row as $i => $cell) {
$tagName = $i === 0 ? 'TH' : 'TD';
$attrs = $i === 0 ? ['scope' => 'row'] : [];
$tag->beginTag($tagName, attributes: $attrs);
$pdf->setFont('times', size: 10)
->cell(45, 8, $cell, border: 1);
$tag->endTag();
}
$tag->endTag(); // TR
}
$tag->endTag(); // Table
// -- 9. Tag bahasa untuk teks asing -----------------------------------------
$tag->beginTag('P', attributes: ['lang' => 'de-DE']);
$pdf->setFont('times', size: 11)
->multiCell(0, 7, 'Barrierefreiheit ist ein grundlegendes Recht.');
$tag->endTag();
// -- 10. Simpan -------------------------------------------------------------
$pdf->save(__DIR__ . '/accessible-report.pdf');
echo 'Accessible PDF created.' . PHP_EOL;Auto-Tagging HTML
TCPDF-Next dapat membuat tag struktur secara otomatis dari HTML semantik:
php
$pdf = Document::create()
->setTagged(true)
->setLanguage('en-US')
->addPage();
$pdf->setAutoTagging(true)
->writeHtml(<<<'HTML'
<h1>Report</h1>
<p>Summary paragraph.</p>
<img src="chart.png" alt="Revenue chart showing 15% growth" />
<table>
<tr><th>Q</th><th>Revenue</th></tr>
<tr><td>Q1</td><td>$548M</td></tr>
</table>
HTML);| Elemen HTML | Tag PDF |
|---|---|
<h1>--<h6> | H1--H6 |
<p> | P |
<img alt="..."> | Figure |
<table> | Table |
<th> | TH |
<td> | TD |
<ul>, <ol> | L |
<li> | LI |
<a> | Link |
Checklist Aksesibilitas
- [ ]
setTitle()-- judul dokumen diset - [ ]
setDisplayDocTitle(true)-- viewer menampilkan judul, bukan nama file - [ ]
setLanguage('en-US')-- bahasa dokumen dideklarasikan - [ ] Semua konten dibungkus dalam tag struktur
- [ ] Heading dalam urutan berurutan (H1, H2, H3 -- tanpa lompatan)
- [ ] Semua gambar bermakna memiliki
altText - [ ] Gambar dekoratif ditandai sebagai artifact
- [ ] Tabel memiliki sel
THdengan atributscope - [ ] Urutan baca sesuai urutan logis
- [ ] Rasio kontras warna minimal 4.5:1
Validasi
bash
# Gunakan PAC (PDF Accessibility Checker) untuk validasi PDF/UA
# https://pdfua.foundation/en/pac-download/Bacaan Lanjutan
- PDF/A-4 Arsip -- kombinasi aksesibilitas dengan arsip